We measure spectra of upper atmospheric emissions in optical wavelengths using the High Throughput Imaging Echelle Spectrograph (HiTIES), located on Svalbard. These spectra contain superposed emissions originating from different altitudes. In this paper, we describe a fitting method which allows us to separate the measured emissions, thus allowing us to measure neutral temperatures at different altitudes, as well as the density of water vapour in the atmosphere above the instrument.

Terrestrial photogrammetry is the approach by which measurements are derived from images. It is a rapidly growing method in glaciology, providing detailed records of glacier change. However, glacial photogrammetry toolboxes are limited currently. PyTrx (freely available online) has been developed here as a Python-alternative toolbox with wider capabilities for deriving velocities, areas, and line measurements. Examples are presented throughout using time-lapse imagery from glaciers in Svalbard.

Climate change studies are growing and related experiments are getting bigger and more complex. They are often conducted in remote areas where communications are limited. In cases like that the data can be transferred via a satellite connection, but this type of connections are slow. We found that using little known possibilities of LoggerNet software (most popular data logger software in environmental science) it is possible transfer quite large amount of data.

The current article focus on the plant diversity assessment in arid environments. Species Richness and Species Evenness equations were used to meet the artic objectives. The use of remote sensing techniques in term of Normalized Different Vegetation Index (NDVI) temporal changes. Two datasets were used to realize the NDVI and Post Chance Detection (PCC) techniques were used to evaluate the plant diversity status over a period of 4 years. Results showed a recognizable loss in plant biodiversity.

This paper presents a novel method to quantify the sizes and frequency of calving events from time-lapse camera imageries. The calving front of a tidewater glacier experiences different episodes of iceberg deliveries that can be captured by a time-lapse camera situated in front of the glacier. An automatic way of detecting calving events is presented here and compared to manually detected events.

Historical surveys performed through the use of aerial photography gave us the first maps of the arctic. Nearly a century later, a renewed interest in studying the Arctic is rising from the need to understand and quantify climate change. It is therefore time to dig up the archives and extract the maximum of information from the images using the most modern methods. In this study, we show that the aerial survey of Svalbard in 1936–38 provides us with valuable data on the archipelago's glaciers.

We present a proof-of concept space-flight instrument that can simultaneously make measurements of both the low and high frequency local magnetic field. Previously, this would have required two separate instruments that would normally have had to be mounted separately on long deployable booms to keep them from interfering. This new hybrid instrument is expected to be particularly useful on extremely small spacecraft, such as CubeSats, which can only accommodate few instruments.

In this study, a high-precision distributed wireless microseismic acquisition system has been designed for oil and gas exploration. The system design, which was based on the ADS1274 chip manufactured by TI, made full use of the four channels of the chip to collect vibration signals in three directions and one electrical signal, respectively. Furthermore, the acquisition system used GPS and WIFI technologies to achieve distributed wireless acquisition.

High power transmitter is becoming more and more able to meet the needs of electromagnetic exploration. However, high power transmitter needs high voltage support, which causes the risk for researchers potentially. According to the actual situation of field exploration, we designed a wireless monitoring system. The system offers two advantages, the first of which is high security, and the second advantage is simple operation.

This paper introcudes the design workflow and test approaches of a surface-NMR receiver. But the method and technqiues for instance signal loop, acqusition board, GPS synchronization, WiFi network could be employed in other geophysical instruments.

We are planning a Mars mission. The mission will carry an instrument capable of measuring and mapping molecular oxygen and water in the Martian atmosphere, as well as the temperature, wind, and magnetic field. Water and oxygen are vital parts of the Martian atmospheric chemistry and must be better understood. Using computer simulation results, the paper gives a description of how the measurements will work, some problems we expect to encounter, and the sensitivity of the measurements.

Meteorological observational data obtained in highly complex terrain has to be treated differently than it is usually done within state of the art quality control procedures. The main motivation and goal is to preserve as much information as possible in order to enhance the accuracy of analysis and forecast model output. It is recommended to use the method in highly complex terrain. Sufficient data density and coherent structures within data is required.

- This study aimed to calibrate some of the existing models in the literature for estimating daily total global solar radiation parameter using available measuring records (maximum and minimum air temperatures) and three new models are developed based on maximum and minimum air temperatures and relative humidity.
- In this study, three new models that are based on the relative humidity and the difference between maximum and minimum air temperatures were suggested.

The groundwater table is interpreted from the acquired geophysical data along the conducted profiles to be at the following elevations: Area-I: The groundwater table is located at elevations of 20 to 21 meter asl; Area-II: The groundwater table is located at elevations of 11.5 to 17.5 meters asl; Area-III: The groundwater table is located at elevations of 13 to 13.5 meters asl and Area-IV: The groundwater table is located at elevations of 14 to 58 meters asl.

A new investigation technique for magnetic data by a 2D dipping dike has been presented. The main interpretive parameters are: the depth to the top, exact origin, and the width of dipping dike. The comparison of the results with drilling information reported in the literature demonstrated the prevalence of the suggested method and its potential for solving magnetic problem, for example in china field example the depth to the top of dike is 22.24 m and from drilling information range from 22–25.

Radar Signal processing is one of the area where there is a lot of scope for research. This area demands efficient algorithms for study of echoes derived from various atmospheric regions. Denoising techniques were used and spectral moments were calculated. Stacked doppler profile was plotted to observe the improvement in doppler detection. It has been observed that there is a considerable improvement in recognition of the doppler echoes.

An automatic process for the estimation of forest properties in high spatial resolution using National Land Survey's airborne laser scanning data is presented. Results were evaluated by compering against national MS-NFI forest data. The estimation accuracy was generally good, but deciduous forests in leaf-off conditions caused somewhat underestimation. The method can be used to support e.g. forest managing, construction planning, wood industry and other remote sensing applications and research.