Observations of the stable isotopes of water vapor by high-resolution ground-based Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) provide information on study of the variation of the atmospheric water vapor at Hefei site. In this paper, the percentage of atmospheric H₂O(X_H2O) and HDO (X_HDO) have been retrieved based on a high-resolution ground-based FTIR at Hefei site, and also calculated the stable isotopes of water composition δD. The time series of X_H2O were compared with the Greenhouse gase.

Our knowledge of the Earth's magnetic field arises from magnetic signals stored in lavas. In rugged volcanic terrain, however, the magnetization of the underlying flows may influence the magnetic field as recorded by newly formed flows on top. To measure these local magnetic anomalies, we developed a low-cost field magnetometer with superior accuracy and user-friendliness. The first measurements on Mt. Etna show local magnetic variations that are much larger than expected.

The materials of this research paper are intended for specialists (magnetologists) engaged in tasks of digital processing of geomagnetic field measurements. The technique is discussed, that can help to reduce the errors in measurements and can be applied in various tasks of digital processing of geomagnetic data from vector mgnetoneters and other three-component physical data. The results of the tests of the corresponded processing algorithm are provided in the study.

IZA is a high-mountain station located in Tenerife (Canary Islands, Spain; at 28.3° N, 16.5° W, 2373 m a.s.l.) and is a representative site of the subtropical North Atlantic free troposphere. It contributes with basic-BSRN radiation measurements, such as, global shortwave radiation, direct radiation, diffuse radiation and longwave downward radiation and extended-BSRN measurements, including ultraviolet ranges, shortwave upward radiation and longwave.

We highlight the development of a low cost portable sensor array to study magnetic fields in urban areas. Recent advancements in urban science have demonstrated significant utility of characterizing a city based on physical measurements. Magnetic fields of cities are characterized by significant noise, in the case of the San Francisco Bay Area, this noise is dominated by the BART train system. We demonstrate an ability to identify and extract BART noise from the urban magnetic environment.

To better understand the influence of sample geometry on laboratory measurements of permeability, the permeabilities of sandstone samples with different lengths and diameters were measured. Despite the large range in length, aspect ratio, and volume, the permeabilities of the samples are near identical. This is due to a homogeneous porosity structure and the small grain/pore size with respect to the minimum tested diameter and length. More tests are now needed to help develop such guidelines.

The article deals with the designation of fault detection in Crete island. The delineation is based on the integration method of remote sensing and GIS. The crucial finding is how to differentiate between the faults and the water streams. The results showed a robust approach to fault detection.

The raw output of spacecraft magnetometers has to be converted into meaningful units and coordinate systems, before it is usable for scientific applications. This conversion is defined by 12 calibration parameters, 8 of which are more easily determined in flight if the spacecraft is spinning. We present theory and advanced algorithms to determine these 8 parameters. They take into account the physical magnetometer/spacecraft behavior, making them superior to previously published algorithms.

Terrestrial photogrammetry is the approach by which measurements are derived from images. It is a rapidly growing method in glaciology, providing detailed records of glacier change. However, glacial photogrammetry toolboxes are limited currently. PyTrx (freely available online) has been developed here as a Python-alternative toolbox with wider capabilities for deriving velocities, areas, and line measurements. Examples are presented throughout using time-lapse imagery from glaciers in Svalbard.

This paper presents a novel method to quantify the sizes and frequency of calving events from time-lapse camera imageries. The calving front of a tidewater glacier experiences different episodes of iceberg deliveries that can be captured by a time-lapse camera situated in front of the glacier. An automatic way of detecting calving events is presented here and compared to manually detected events.

High power transmitter is becoming more and more able to meet the needs of electromagnetic exploration. However, high power transmitter needs high voltage support, which causes the risk for researchers potentially. According to the actual situation of field exploration, we designed a wireless monitoring system. The system offers two advantages, the first of which is high security, and the second advantage is simple operation.

This paper introcudes the design workflow and test approaches of a surface-NMR receiver. But the method and technqiues for instance signal loop, acqusition board, GPS synchronization, WiFi network could be employed in other geophysical instruments.

We are planning a Mars mission. The mission will carry an instrument capable of measuring and mapping molecular oxygen and water in the Martian atmosphere, as well as the temperature, wind, and magnetic field. Water and oxygen are vital parts of the Martian atmospheric chemistry and must be better understood. Using computer simulation results, the paper gives a description of how the measurements will work, some problems we expect to encounter, and the sensitivity of the measurements.

Meteorological observational data obtained in highly complex terrain has to be treated differently than it is usually done within state of the art quality control procedures. The main motivation and goal is to preserve as much information as possible in order to enhance the accuracy of analysis and forecast model output. It is recommended to use the method in highly complex terrain. Sufficient data density and coherent structures within data is required.

- This study aimed to calibrate some of the existing models in the literature for estimating daily total global solar radiation parameter using available measuring records (maximum and minimum air temperatures) and three new models are developed based on maximum and minimum air temperatures and relative humidity.
- In this study, three new models that are based on the relative humidity and the difference between maximum and minimum air temperatures were suggested.

The groundwater table is interpreted from the acquired geophysical data along the conducted profiles to be at the following elevations: Area-I: The groundwater table is located at elevations of 20 to 21 meter asl; Area-II: The groundwater table is located at elevations of 11.5 to 17.5 meters asl; Area-III: The groundwater table is located at elevations of 13 to 13.5 meters asl and Area-IV: The groundwater table is located at elevations of 14 to 58 meters asl.

Radar Signal processing is one of the area where there is a lot of scope for research. This area demands efficient algorithms for study of echoes derived from various atmospheric regions. Denoising techniques were used and spectral moments were calculated. Stacked doppler profile was plotted to observe the improvement in doppler detection. It has been observed that there is a considerable improvement in recognition of the doppler echoes.

An automatic process for the estimation of forest properties in high spatial resolution using National Land Survey's airborne laser scanning data is presented. Results were evaluated by compering against national MS-NFI forest data. The estimation accuracy was generally good, but deciduous forests in leaf-off conditions caused somewhat underestimation. The method can be used to support e.g. forest managing, construction planning, wood industry and other remote sensing applications and research.