The paper presents the first results of ground penetrating radar investigation in the church in Kłodzko, Poland. The research was part of SEG Field Camp, which was organized by SEG Student Chapter Cracow and SEG Bucharest Student Chapter. The aim was to verify the presence of possible underground structures. Among the most important discoveries are previously unknown crypts. Results of the research might be helpful for future archeological excavations and other investigations in the church. Hide

A new investigation technique for magnetic data by a 2D dipping dike has been presented. The main interpretive parameters are: the depth to the top, exact origin, and the width of dipping dike. The comparison of the results with drilling information reported in the literature demonstrated the prevalence of the suggested method and its potential for solving magnetic problem, for example in china field example the depth to the top of dike is 22.24 m and from drilling information range from 22–25. Hide

Water monitoring in cities plays a crucial role in times of growing urbanization. The cosmic-ray neutron method is a unique instrument capable of sensing water storages in complex environments, non-invasively, continuously, autonomuously, and representatively in large areas. This study performs rigorous sensor intercomparison and uncertainty analysis to ensure reliable data quality, reveals spatial neutron patterns, and proposes a method to identify intercepted/evaporated water over paved ground. Hide

Saint Petersburg Observatory was founded as a geomagnetic branch of the Voyeikovo magnetic and meteorological observatory in the late 1960s. In 2012 the station was upgraded to INTERMAGNET standard and in 2016 it was officially certified as SPG INTERMAGNET magnetic observatory. The SPG data can be downloaded via intermagnet.org or geomag.gcras.ru. Hide

We present a new versatile datalogger that can be used because of remote control for a wide range of possible applications in geosciences like environmental and groundwater monitoring, or in applied geophysics. The recorded signals will be processed by a new Software approach, that will improve the data quality for very poor signal-to-noise ratios. We show this improvement by comparison with traditional Software algorithms processing synthetic datasets and real data collected in the field. Hide

Radar Signal processing is one of the area where there is a lot of scope for research. This area demands efficient algorithms for study of echoes derived from various atmospheric regions. Denoising techniques were used and spectral moments were calculated. Stacked doppler profile was plotted to observe the improvement in doppler detection. It has been observed that there is a considerable improvement in recognition of the doppler echoes. Hide

The installation of a new geoelectric monitoring system at the Boulder Magnetic observatory of the U.S. Geological Survey is summarized. Data from the system are expected, among other things, to be used for testing and validating algorithms for mapping North American geoelectric fields. Our experience with the acquisition systems is discussed. An example time series of recorded electric and magnetic fields during a modest magnetic storm is presented. Hide

This work describes a new approach to use fast X-ray fluorescence mapping as a tool for automated mineralogy applied on thin sections of plutonic rocks. Using supervised classification of the spectral information, mineral maps are obtained for modal mineralogy or image analysis. The results are compared to a conventional method for automated mineralogy, which is Scanning Electron Microscopy with Mineral Liberation Analyser, showing a good overall accuracy of 76 %. Hide

We believe that our study full-waveform voltage and current recording device for MTEM transmitters makes a significant contribution to the literature because this full-waveform recording device can be used to monitor the high-power, full-waveform voltages and currents of MTEM transmitters. It has high precision, finer edge details, low noise, and other advantages. Hence, it can be used for real-time recording and transmission to the receiver for coherent demodulation. Hide

This paper focuses on major issues related to data reliability and MOBNET network performance in the AlpArray seismic experiments. We present both new hardware and software tools that help to assure the high-quality standard of broad-band seismic data. Special attention is paid to issues like a detection of sensor mis-orientation, timing problems, exchange of record components and/or their polarity reversal, sensor mass centring, or anomalous channel amplitudes due to, e.g., imperfect gain. Hide

In magnetic observatory data according to the INTERMAGNET Definitive One-second Data Standard the fluxgate magnetometer self noise usually covers the natural signal for frequencies higher than about 30 mHz. We present a numerical method how to merge the data with induction coil data in order to drastically reduce noise and to fill the entire possible bandwidth with information on the earth magnetic field. In spectrograms we visualize interesting phenomena revealed with the method. Hide

The noise is common problem for the experiments or observations. The noise in the raw data of magnetic observatories has features. The article makes an attempt to give a review of this noise, using the data of some Russian and Indian observatories. Hide

Absolute magnetic measurements require the Vertical and the geographic North as reference directions. We present here a novel system able to measure the direction of the magnetic field, of the Vertical and True-North. A design of a North-seeker is proposed taking into account sensor bias as well as misalignment errors. Different methods are derived from this model and measurement results are presented. A measurement test at high latitude is also shown. Hide

Fluxgate magnetometers are an important geophysical tool but are typically sensitive to changes in sensor temperature. We used a novel, low-cost calibration procedure to compare six matched sensors in which the material used as the mechanical support is varied and found that thirty percent glass filled PEEK engineering plastic is a good candidate for sensors. It is more economical, easier to machine, lighter, and more robust than historically used machinable ceramic. Hide

The term system-of-systems with respect to observational capabilities is frequently used, but what does it mean and how can it be assessed? Here, we define one possible interpretation of a system-of-systems architecture that is based upon demonstrable aspects of observing capabilities. We develop a set of assessment strands and then apply these to a set of atmospheric observational networks to decide which observations may be suitable for characterising satellite platforms in future work. Hide

We have compared two methods of performing Absolute observations of the Earth's magnetic field. The newer, Residual method was evaluated for use at USGS geomagnetic observatories and compared with measurements using the traditional Null method. A mathematical outline of the Residual method is presented, including more precise conversions of the Declination angles to nanoTeslas (nT). Results show that the Residual method is better than the Null method, especially at high latitude. Hide

A modern geomagnetic observatory is expected to record geomagnetic data with high stability, high resolution, and high reliability. Also, such observatories may be located in remote areas, requiring low power consumption and simple maintenance. Here, we present a new datalogger system that was designed to meet these criteria. This system is based on a Raspberry Pi embedded PC and includes a modular C++ software package which can be adapted to specific observatory setups. Hide

At the new Magnetic Observatory of CSIR-NGRI in Choutuppal (CPL) campus, 1 s magnetic measurements commenced in the year 2016 using the newly developed Observatory grade 1 s fluxgate magnetometer, GEOMAG-02MO, from GEOMAGNET and the Overhauser PPM along with the data acquisition system, MAGREC-4B. The processes of commissioning of this setup in low-latitude conditions, with the aim to finally produce 1 s definitive data (the standards of which are still under discussion with INTERMAGNET). Hide

We present a novel method for calibrating magnetic observatories. We show how magnetometer baselines can highlight a possible calibration error. We also provide a method based on high frequency automatic absolute measurement. This method determines a transformation matrix for correcting raw data suffering from scale factor and orientation errors. We finally present a practical case whose recovered data have been successfully compared to those coming from a reference magnetometer. Hide

Data loggers of magnetic observatories use GPS receivers to provide accurate time-stamping of recorded data. Typical sampling rate is 1 s. A failure of the GPS receiver can result in erroneous time-stamps. The observatory of Lanzhou, China, accumulated a lag of 28 s over one year. Using magnetic data recorded at other locations in a radius of 3000 km it was possible to estimate the diurnal lag and correct the time-stamps to produce reliable 1-minute averages of magnetic data. Hide

In this paper, we will give some background on calibration and vereification of our automatic DI flux then we will compare the automatic absolut magnetic measurements with the human-made, and discuss the advantages/disadvantages of automatic measurements. Hide

We report on the history and recent developments of the Tatuoca magnetic observatory in Brazil. This observatory is located very close to the geomagentic equator and within a region of strong main field dynamics. During 2015 to 2017, we have installed new instrumentation, a new datalogger system, and improved the absolute measurements. In the paper, we also comment on the challenges of doing absolute measurements at the geomagnetic equator. Hide

The paper discusses the possibility to improve quality of geomagnetic variations monitoring at the ground observatories. The new fluxgate sensor as well as electronics with upgraded temperature and noise characteristics are described. It is supposed that the application of the discussed in the paper results and recommendations will allow creating an fluxgate magnetometer with outstanding level of parameters. Hide

The long term drift of magnetometers at geomagnetic observatories is calibrated by means of a nonmagnetic theodolite. We propose a numerical method to evaluate such absolute measurements in a new, more general manner. It is more flexible and helps identifying and correcting or discarding erroneous measurements. We derive this method and give examples showing how it improves the quality and reliability of the calibrations parameters (the so called base line values) of an observatory magnetometer. Hide

In geophysics exploration, measuring earth’s magnetic using magnetometer is necessity to resolve subsurface structure of the earth. In this paper, we offer an open schematic fluxgate magnetometer (Magnetogama) which will help people to understand how the magnetometer work, or build their own magnetometer. It focus on how to assembly and record earth’s magnetic response. Several sensitivity tests were performed in order to make sure that Magnetogama has capability to be used in exploration scale. Hide

CWT was applied for lithology detection over Costa Rica margin. Gamma log as best indicator was applied for the same and its spatial variation. It is observed that there four major sedimentary layer terminated with gabbroic sill. DWT applied on density log to identify the small changes in rock matrix. According the data is partitioned in to different depth for wavelet based fractal analysis. This analysis indicates that certain portion of well contains abundant shale and low energy environment. Hide

The paper demonstrates that isotopologue disequilibrium can be created in the SIMS ionization process, and that the specific conditions under which it is created during the oxygen bombardment of geological materials are consistent with known conditions where traditional interrelationships between ion abundances break down. Further study to determine the degree of radiation dosage at which extreme disequilibrium appears involved Raman and helium dating on a variety of well characterized zircons. Hide

An automatic process for the estimation of forest properties in high spatial resolution using National Land Survey's airborne laser scanning data is presented. Results were evaluated by compering against national MS-NFI forest data. The estimation accuracy was generally good, but deciduous forests in leaf-off conditions caused somewhat underestimation. The method can be used to support e.g. forest managing, construction planning, wood industry and other remote sensing applications and research. Hide