This paper describes GRUAN's strategy to a network-wide change in the operational radiosonde, from Vaisala RS92 to RS41. GRUAN's main goal is providing long-term data records that are free of inhomogeneities due to instrumental effects, which requires proper change management. The approach is to fully characterize the differences between both radiosonde types, using a.o. laboratory tests, twin soundings, ancillary data, and by drawing from the various fields of expertise available in GRUAN.

This paper developed a drilling trajectory measuring instrumentation (DTMI) based on the interference fiber optic gyro (FOG), which can work continuously, for 4 hours, in an environment where the ambient temperature does not exceed 270 °C and the pressure does not exceed 120 MPa in ultra-deep borehole. The DTMI has the characteristic of anti-electromagnetic interference, therefore，this DTMI has great potential in the promotion and development of geological drilling technology.

We report the results from the deployment of a newly developed in situ sensor for dissolved gases measurements. Its adaptation to high gas concentrations and dissolved gas pressures was proven. The campaign leads to a first continuous profile of methane on the first 150 m, and allowed to compare the data with previous measurements. The fast response of the instrument makes this technique a good candidate for regular monitoring of those type of lakes, for anticipating disastrous gas eruptions.

Soil moisture plays a key role in the hydrological cycle and the climate system. Although soil moisture can be observed by the means of satellites, ground observations are still crucial for evaluating and improving these satellite products. In this study, we investigate the performance of a consumer low-cost soil moisture sensor in the lab and in the field. We demonstrate that this sensor can be used for scientific applications, for example to create a dataset valuable for satellite validation.

Middle Frequency radars measure winds (between 55 & 100 km altitude). As part of their final year undergraduate project, the lead author used 2 radars in Antarctica to look at how the wind speed varied with the aim of identifying when the wind was too fast to be a real measurement. Instead we discovered that the variance depends strongly on factors in the analysis technique rather than due to natural features such as gravity waves, and that the sun and geomagnetic activity play a role.

We present the development of the RIPLE platform designed for the monitoring at high temporal frequency (~ 10 min) of water discharge, solid fluxes (bedload and suspended load) and properties of fine particles (settling velocity) in mesoscale rivers. Many instruments are integrated in this single, centralized device which is autonomous in energy and connected to the 2G/3G network. A user-friendly interface has been developed enabling to visualize the data collected by the platform.

K index, characterizing the local geomagnetic activity, is generally automatically calculated by algorithms such as KASM, provided and recommended by INTERMAGNET. KASM requires an appropriate K9 value, specific for each observatory. We analyze K values for Italian observatories comparing them with historical German observatories, to establish the best K9 estimation for our stations. A comparison with results from a previous empirical method shows the consistency and reliability of our outcomes.

GPS Drifters that float down rivers are important tools in studying rivers, but can be expensive. Recently both GPS receivers and GSM modems have become available at lower prices to tinkering scientists due to the rise of the Open Hardware revolution and the Arduino. We provide detailed instructions on how to build a Low Power GPS drifter with local storage and GSM model that we tested in a fieldwork in Myanmar. These instructions allow fellow geoscientists to recreate the device.

This study has been carried out within the scope of the project supported by ITU, Afyon Kocatepe and Hitit Universities. The data were obtained from annual GPS campaigns. With this study, the actual velocity field of the region was revealed and the deformations of the region were tried to be determined. In particular, the creep, which is a rare phenomenon in tectonic, was studied in order to understand its mechanism and whether it is in the region or not.

Based on existing ocean bottom E-field receiver (OBE) specifications, including low noise levels, low power consumption, and low clock-drift error, we integrated two induction coils for the magnetic sensor and a three-axis omnidirectional geophone for the seismic sensor and assembled an ultra-short base line (USBL) transponder as the position sensor, which improved position accuracy and operational efficiency while reducing field data acquisition costs.

The CUGB-CS48DAS data acquisition system was designed for seimic purpose at first. However, we tried to integrate the acquisition circuit for electrical purpose and implemented hardware improvmens as well as software updates. Moreover, technology including NB-IoT QC monitoring was also introduced. After a few field tests, the system was proved to be stable and easy to use, and has good application effect in engineering geology, mineral geology and energy geology.

This article describes the development of a mobile roadside survey procedure for obtaining corroboration data for the remote sensing of agricultural land use practices over county level areas where atmospheric conditions are unfavourable for satellite remote sensing, while improving on financial, temporal, and safety costs for in-field verification data acquisition.

Electromagnetic transmitter sends electromagnetic wave to the seabed, the receiver located on the seafloor receives the electromagnetic wave which carries the information of the geosphere. In this paper, an algorithm is proposed to improve the current quality of marine electromagnetic transmitter. It has anomaly detection function for the unstable part of transmitting current. Our results show that the instability of transmitting current data can cause obvious anomalies.

This paper gives an outlook of the research aimed at development of an instrument for magnetic field survey. The developed instrument performs accurate measurements of the parameters of the Earth’s magnetic field. Such measurements are required for control of magnetic environment at observational points where the Earth’s magnetic field is continuously measured. The developed instrument is considered as a possible standard solution for assessment of artificial noise at various locations.

Continuous data of soils CO₂ efflux can improve model predictions of climate warming and automated data is becoming increasingly available. However, aggregating chamber-based data to plot scale poses challenges. Therefore, we showed using one year of half-hourly data how using the lognormal assumption tackles several challenges. We propose that plot-scale SO₂ efflux observations should be reported together with lognormally based uncertainties and enter model constraining frameworks at log-scale.

A novel airborne sensing platform was developed for meteorological and land surface temperature measurements. The system is called the Tethered And Navigated Air Blimp (TANAB). This system was deployed at a complex mining facility in northern Canada to measure dynamics of the atmosphere in various diurnal times, latitudes, longitudes, and altitudes. It measured convective, neutral, and stable boundary layers up to 150 m. It also measured land surface temperatures at a resolution of 1 km by 1 km.

Nowadays ocean-bottom observatories, equipped with acceleration and pressure gauges (seismometers and tsunameters), became widespread. We suggest simple and reliable method for remote testing the calibration of the gauges installed at the ocean bottom. The method is extremely convenient for practice, since, besides measured quantities, it involves a sole physical constant – the gravity acceleration.

Daedalus targets to measure the largely unexplored area between Earth's atmosphere and space. Here, intriguing and complex processes govern the deposition, transformation and transport of energy. The aim is to quantify this energy by measuring, for example, effects caused by electrodynamic processes in this region. The concept is based on a mother satellite which carries a suite of instruments along with smaller satellites carrying a subset of instruments that are released into the atmosphere.

The CUGB-CS48DAS data acquisition system was designed for seismic purpose at first. However, we tried to integrate the acquisition circuit and after several hardware improvements and software updates, it can be used now for seismic exploration as well as electrical prospecting. It has good application effects in engineering geology, mineral geology and energy geology, and is suitable for exploration tasks in coalfields, petroleum, minerals, earthquake monitoring and urban construction, etc.

Terrestrial photogrammetry is the approach by which measurements are derived from images. It is a rapidly growing method in glaciology, providing detailed records of glacier change. However, glacial photogrammetry toolboxes are limited currently. PyTrx (freely available online) has been developed here as a Python-alternative toolbox with wider capabilities for deriving velocities, areas, and line measurements. Examples are presented throughout using time-lapse imagery from glaciers in Svalbard.

Meteorological observational data obtained in highly complex terrain has to be treated differently than it is usually done within state of the art quality control procedures. The main motivation and goal is to preserve as much information as possible in order to enhance the accuracy of analysis and forecast model output. It is recommended to use the method in highly complex terrain. Sufficient data density and coherent structures within data is required.

A new investigation technique for magnetic data by a 2D dipping dike has been presented. The main interpretive parameters are: the depth to the top, exact origin, and the width of dipping dike. The comparison of the results with drilling information reported in the literature demonstrated the prevalence of the suggested method and its potential for solving magnetic problem, for example in china field example the depth to the top of dike is 22.24 m and from drilling information range from 22–25.

Radar Signal processing is one of the area where there is a lot of scope for research. This area demands efficient algorithms for study of echoes derived from various atmospheric regions. Denoising techniques were used and spectral moments were calculated. Stacked doppler profile was plotted to observe the improvement in doppler detection. It has been observed that there is a considerable improvement in recognition of the doppler echoes.